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제목 Wilson's National Self-determination.

 

Wilson's National Self-determination

It was founded by President Wilson of the United States in 1918 and adopted by the Paris Peace Conference, which greatly affected the independence movement of the colonial nation.

2.8 Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence issued by a Korean student studying in Japan on February 8, 1919 in Tokyo, Japan.
At the end of World War I, the American President T.W. Wilson's "National Self-determination" was inspired, and in a book "The Japan Advertizer" on December 15, 1918, Koreans of the United States submitted a petition to the U.S. government requesting U.S. assistance to the Korean independence movement, and on December 18, the report that Korean students, including the Paris Conference and the International Federation, were forced to recognize the rights of the Korean Minjoo Party.
In January 1919, the Tokyo Joseon Student Association held an oratorical contest at the Christian Youth Center in Tokyo to decide that a specific movement for independence should be launched, and 10 people, including Choi Pal-yong, Kim Do-yeon and Baek Gwan-soo, were selected as members of the executive committee. Executives formed the Chosun Youth Independence Team and prepared the petition for the National Congress of Korea and the Declaration of Independence, and dispatched Song Gye-baek to Korea and Lee Kwang-soo to Shanghai.

On February 8, the declaration and petition were sent to embassies, legations, Japanese governments, and the Japanese parliament, and the Christian Youth Center held a student conference to hold the Declaration of Independence. However, 27 students, including 10 commissioners, were arrested due to the police's forced dismissal. The February 8 Declaration of Independence declares that the Japanese invasions are much stronger than the March 1 Declaration of Independence and that they will fight to the last level for independence.

3. With the influence of the Russian Revolution (1917.10) Lenin declared national self-determination to some 100 minorities in Russia and promised to support the liberation movement of the world's weak and small tribes.

4. Miao Declaration in Manchuria (Gilim, Manchuria, signed by 39 representatives of the people, written by Jo Sao-liang)
3.1 The Meaning and Influence of Movement
I will write it down in terms of national and global history.

ethnic historical aspect
1. Restoring the orthodoxy of National History: An Instrument for the Establishment of a Temporary Government of the Republic of Korea of Democratic Republic
2. The Fountain of Independence Movement
Activating the Armed Independence Movement (in Korea and abroad) and actively developing the Competitiveness Movement (in Korea)
Recognizing that the masses are the main agents of the anti-Japanese struggle - farmers. the revitalization of the labor movement
The colonies when Japan had pursued at the same time the political independence and social revolution.
There existed differences in outlook for society after independence between nationalist and socialist forces, but the same was true in that they pursued at the same time the social revolution of building democratic folk life distorted by political independence and old feudal remnants and Japanese fascism.

For this reason, instead of the term "independence movement," which is aimed at political sovereignty, "colonial movement," which can be interpreted in the meaning of retrocession, and "anti-Japanese struggle," which focuses only on the resistance side, are called the "national liberation movement."

In general, the following three steps can be arranged in a timely manner
Stage 1) The March 1 Independence Movement and the armed resistance of the Provisional Government in the first half of the 1920s, Manchuria and Yeonju.
Stage 2) The Korean mass agrarian movement/Joseon Communist Party movement in the late 1920s.
the National Unity Movement abroad and the New Reunion Movement in Korea as the National Cooperation Front Movement
Step 3) Movement for the National Unification of the Foreign Front in the 1930s/Army Playgrounds.
the establishment of a national unification front/military guerrilla movement, a local Communist reconstruction movement/revolutionary labor movement, and a founding alliance

The national liberation movement after the March 1 Independence Movement has been divided into the right-wing east, often called the independence movement or the nationalist movement, and the left-wing movement called the socialist movement or the Communist movement.
The Nationalist movement and the socialist movement formed a united front of struggle against Japanese imperialism, and sometimes caused conflict with each other because of differences in ideas and theories. Overall, however, there has been a constant stream of attempts to unify the national liberation movement front, as shown by the early interim government, the New Reunion Movement, the Korean National Revolutionary Party in the Chinese Pavilion, and the left-wing and right-wing Provisional Government just before the collapse of the Japanese colonial rule.

Since the division of the two Koreas, the socialist movement has been excluded from the history of the Korean National Liberation Movement as anti-communism and the South Korean government have been strengthened in the South Korean society.

The First Unauthorized Rule: The period when the military, political and cultural activities against colonization were prohibited and the foundation of colonial rule was laid across the administrative, economic, social and cultural sectors in the midst of the crisis of terror. The military police system has completely taken over the entire Korean Peninsula. Even under such repression policies, the national resistance movement continued constantly and finally exploded into national and national liberation movements, such as the March 1 Independence Movement.

Second Cultural Politics: The period after the March 1 Independence Movement, when "cultural politics" was replaced with a national division policy. Police military system usually change the system for police and newspapers published, while allowing the assembly and association pro-Japanese group successfully disrupt the front line as the national liberation movements by strengthening the yangseongchaek

Third Fairy Tales: The period when Japan moved on to the Fasho system, expanding the war of aggression into the Manchuria, the Sino-Japanese War, the Pacific War, and forcing war cooperation against colonial Korea. A policy of assimilation and suppression of ideology and national extermination on colonial policy is entailed in order to increase the efficiency of exploitation.
historical perception of colonial period
The colonial period saw the establishment of the system of colonial capitalism to rise above the level of violent plunder and to create an environment in which imperialist capital could operate in the colonies.
In order to mobilize effectively in colonial policy, a functional education excluding inferior consciousness of self-culture and history, national consciousness and identity was injected.
The establishment of a modern national state was overthrown, so bourgeois was held in custody and hegemony of state and social management was dominated by imperialism.

The opportunity to have democratic training, the most important value of realizing modernity, is blocked and remains a major obstacle to social development even after liberation.
The restoration of the nation's national anthem, the restoration of sovereignty over policy decisions that can use wealth and resources, the securing of democratic territory, and the restoration of identity to self-culture and history were called on by the times.
Because the object of the struggle for national liberation was imperialism, which mobilized merciless violence, the historical cost was excessive, and, in addition, the movement developed under extreme conditions by region and sector, the exclusive nationalist image was highlighted, thus limiting the scope of respect for individuals.

The background of the March 1 Movement
The Relationship between National Self-determination and the March 1 Movement
Since World War I (1914-1918), the socialist revolution has succeeded in Russia, and in Europe, the United States has emerged as the leading position of global capitalism instead of Britain.
Lenin of the new Soviet Republic declared the principle of national self-determination against the oppressed people of Russia, influencing the oppressed people of Asia.
President Wilson of the U.S. also insists on national self-determination for the purpose of solving the problem through the mandate of the League of Nations.
Japan, which was the same victor, expanded its territorial annexation of the defeated country's colonies.
Wilson's National Self-determination was mainly aimed at the colonies of the defeated countries, but the representatives of the ethnic groups of colonial Joseon and the young and young students used the global wave to launch the national liberation movement.
Resistance of the Colonial People under Unauthorized Rule in the 1910s
Secret determination - the Korean Independence Army (1913), the Korean Liberation Association (1915), the Korean People's Congress (1915), the Korean People's Congress (1915), the New Democratic Society, the Semitic Society, and the Hyeseongdan
Cultural education movement - the movement of the Seodang and Private Schools, the movement of labor and peasantry field studies, the establishment of Myeongdong School and Xinheung School in Manchuria.
Diplomatic Activities - In 1918, Shinhan Youth Corps such as Shanghai, Yeo Woon-hyung and Kim Kyu-sik were active in the Gumi River. Rhee Syng-man and Ahn Chang-ho formed the Korean People's Association in the Americas. Some 600 students studying in Tokyo announced the February 8 Declaration of Independence.
Convergence to a movement theory based on republican ideology and national sovereignty in the 1910s.

people's life under the rule of law
Since the opening of the port, some of the capitalists have shrunk due to the money-cleaning business and the corporate decree. The land survey project has been particularly hard hit by small and medium-sized landlords and self-cultivation farmers.
The middle and upper self-cultivation peasants have blocked the way for growth to become the people responsible for naturalistic capitalistization in agriculture and have been reduced to peasants. The conditions of the peasants are even worse.
While the number of workers is increasing, the working conditions are extremely poor. Six labor strikes in 1912, 50 in 1918, 89 in 1919 and 8,283 Korean workers in 1912.

3. The Development Process and Historicality of the March 1 Movement
Progress of the March 1 Movement
Stage 1 - The phase of the declaration of independence of 33 representatives of the people. the line of national demonstrations that followed
Step 2 - To major cities nationwide by youth, students, teachers, intellectuals, urban workers and merchants
diffusion phase
Step 3 - Spread to each rural area throughout the country. Two million people, or 10 percent of the population, participated in the protests. Japan's total of 46,000 arrests, 16,000 injuries, and 7,500 murders.